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Maven-The Complete Reference PDF 下载
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1.3
A Common Interface
Before Maven provided a common interface for building software, every single project had someone ded
icated to managing a fully customized build system. Developers had to take time away from developing
software to learn about the idiosyncrasies of each new project they wanted to contribute to. In 2001,
you’d have a completely different approach to building a project like Turbine than you would to building
a project like Tomcat. If a new source code analysis tool came out that would perform static analysis on
source code, or if someone developed a new unit testing framework, everybody would have to drop what
they were doing and figure out how to fit it into each project’s custom build environment. How do you run
unit tests? There were a thousand different answers. This environment was characterized by a thousand
endless arguments about tools and build procedures. The age before Maven was an age of inefficiency,
the age of the "Build Engineer".
Today, most open source developers have used or are currently using Maven to manage new software
projects. This transition is less about developers moving from one build tool to another and more about
developers starting to adopt a common interface for project builds. As software systems have become
more modular, build systems have become more complex, and the number of projects has sky-rocketed.
Before Maven, when you wanted to check out a project like Apache ActiveMQ or Apache ServiceMix
from Subversion and build it from source, you really had to set aside about an hour to figure out the
build system for each particular project. What does the project need to build? What libraries do I need to
download? Where do I put them? What goals can I execute in the build? In the best case, it took a few
minutes to figure out a new project’s build, and in the worst cases (like the old Servlet API implementation
in the Jakarta Project), a project’s build was so difficult it would take multiple hours just to get to the point
where a new contributor could edit source and compile the project. These days, you check it out from
source, and you run mvn install.
While Maven provides an array of benefits including dependency management and reuse of common build
logic through plugins, the core reason why it has succeeded is that it has defined a common interface for
building software. When you see that a project like Apache ActiveMQ uses Maven, you can assume that
you’ll be able to check it out from source and build it with mvn install without much hassle. You
know where the ignition keys goes, you know that the gas pedal is on the right-side, and the brake is on
the left.
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