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第第第一一一章章章

内内内建建建对对对象象象Built-In Objects

Names for built-in exceptions and functions and a number of constants are found in a separate symbol table. This

table is searched last when the interpreter looks up the meaning of a name, so local and global user-defined names

can override built-in names. Built-in types are described together here for easy reference.1 内建的异常、函数和一组常量的名字都能在一个独立的符号表中找到。当解释器在查找一个名字的意义

的时候，这个表格是被最后查找的，所以局部的和全局的用户定义的名字可以覆盖内建的名字。所有的 内建类型都统一在本章描述，作为一个简单的参考。2

The tables in this chapter document the priorities of operators by listing them in order of ascending priority (within

a table) and grouping operators that have the same priority in the same box. Binary operators of the same priority

group from left to right. (Unary operators group from right to left, but there you have no real choice.) See chapter

5 of the Python Reference Manual for the complete picture on operator priorities.

在本章的表格中，对于操作符的优先级，以它们在表格中列出的顺序，升序排列，(在同一个表格中) 并且把相同优先级的操作符组织在同一格当中。同一优先级的二元操作符已从左到右的顺序结合。(一 元操作符从右到左结合，但事实上，你并没有选择的余地。) 对于操作符优先级的一个整体印象参 见Python参考手册第5章。

第第第二二二章章章

Python运运运行行行时时时服服服务务务Python Runtime

Services

The modules described in this chapter provide a wide range of services related to the Python interpreter and its

interaction with its environment. Here’s an overview:

本章所讲到的这些模块，对于与Python解释器相关的，以及解释器和它运行环境之间的交互，提供了丰 富的服务。以下是一个综述：

main 顶层脚本运行所在的环境The environment where the top-level script is run.

2.1 main — 顶层脚本的运行环境Top-level script environment

This module represents the (otherwise anonymous) scope in which the interpreter’s main program executes —

commands read either from standard input, from a script file, or from an interactive prompt. It is this environment

in which the idiomatic “conditional script” stanza causes a script to run:

这个模块描述了(否则就是匿名的)解释器主程序运行命令的作用域– 这些命令包括读取自标准输入的, 脚本文件的, 或者交互模式提示符的. 一般我们会用以下的“条件脚本”块来使一个脚本运行, 这个环境就

是 main .

if __name__ == "__main__":

main()